Compare precision and non-precision approaches with examples.

• A. Non-precision approaches provide lateral guidance only (VOR, NDB, LNAV).
• B. Both non-precision and precision approaches provide equal guidance in all cases.
• C. Precision approaches provide lateral and vertical guidance (e.g., ILS).
• D. Visual approaches rely on pilot judgment rather than any guidance.

Answer: (C)

Understanding how instrument approaches differ in the type of guidance they provide. Precision approaches deliver both lateral guidance to the runway centerline and vertical guidance via a glide path, allowing a precise, controlled descent with lower minimums in reduced visibility. The ILS is the classic example, offering a localizer for horizontal alignment and a glide slope for vertical descent. Non-precision approaches, on the other hand, provide only lateral guidance to stay on the published course; descent is managed by following published altitudes or a descent angle, but there is no glide path. VOR, NDB, and LNAV GPS approaches illustrate this. Visual approaches rely mainly on the pilot’s ability to see the runway and environment, with guidance from ATC as needed but without an instrument-based glide path. So, the statement that precision approaches provide both lateral and vertical guidance best captures the distinction.